Selenium is an essential trace element for human body. Scientific research has found that selenium can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein, inhibit the transcription of oncogenes, and interfere with the metabolism of carcinogens. The level of blood selenium is closely related to the occurrence of cancer.
The cancer center of Arizona University conducted a 13 year controlled trial on 1312 cancer patients. The results showed that selenium supplement was 200 per day μ g. The death rate of cancer decreased by 50%, the total incidence rate of cancer decreased by 37%, and prostate cancer decreased by 63%. In 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration stated that selenium can reduce the risk of cancer and produce anticancer effects in the human body. In China, the anticancer effect of selenium has been written into chemistry textbooks and textbooks of medical colleges and universities.
It is the scientific community that recognizes the role of selenium in preventing cancer, so selenium is known as the "king of cancer prevention" of human trace elements. In recent decades, through systematic and in-depth research and development by scientists, people have been able to use selenium to prevent and fight cancer, relieve the pain of cancer patients, and prolong the life of cancer patients.
Clinical application of selenium in cancer
Ning Yanlu of Qingdao Cancer Hospital observed the results of 28 cases of lung cancer treated with DDP combined with organic selenium. It can be seen that the damage of leukocyte, myocardium, liver and kidney function is significantly less than that of the control group.
The same effect was achieved in 14 tumor patients treated with organic selenium agents after chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Liu Fusheng, from Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical College, selected 22 cases of gastrointestinal tumors and used organic selenium preparations during chemotherapy after surgery. Compared with 16 cases of chemotherapy alone, the results showed that the gastrointestinal toxicity of patients in the observation group disappeared or decreased, but did not affect the anticancer activity of anti-tumor drugs.
Zhou Jisheng, et al. Of Xuanwu Hospital in Beijing systematically observed 30 patients with digestive tract tumor after operation. Chemotherapy plus organic selenium preparation was compared with chemotherapy alone. They preliminarily realized that patients taking organic selenium preparation could reduce digestive tract reaction without affecting appetite; Reduce the bone marrow inhibition caused by chemotherapy, and do not reduce leukocytes and platelets, so that about 92% of patients can adhere to a course of chemotherapy; Compared with the simple chemotherapy group, the curative effect of the control group was significantly improved, and the effective rate was 73.1%. Experts believe that natural organic selenium preparations can enhance physical strength, improve diet, reduce the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy drugs, promote the recovery of leukocytes, protect liver and kidney function without reducing its anti-cancer effect, and significantly reduce the side effects of dizziness, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue and so on. In 25 patients with ascites, ascites decreased significantly or even disappeared, 2 cases of supraclavicular lymph node metastatic cancer disappeared, and 32.2% of solid cancers shrank to varying degrees, indicating that organic selenium preparations have sensitization, synergism, toxicity reduction and direct anticancer effects on chemotherapy.
Mei Yizeng, the first people's Hospital of Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, cooperated with Wuhan Tongji Hospital to apply selenium to 186 patients with head and neck malignant tumors. Combined with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the effect was observed for more than five years. Among them, 122 cases of clinical symptoms and signs were alleviated and improved, and the effective rate was 65.7%, significantly higher than the control group.
Lixiuhua, et al. Of Beijing Fengtai Railway Central Hospital, compared 38 cases of tumors with organic selenium preparations combined with chemotherapy and 47 cases with chemotherapy alone, and also observed results similar to those of the above authors. It shows that the application of selenium preparation does create conditions for improving the effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and provides more opportunities for the treatment of cancer patients.
Selenium has the following four major effects on anti-tumor
Selenium can improve immune function and improve resistance
The decline of immune function in tumor patients is a relatively prominent phenomenon. At the same time, the decline of immunity is also one of the important factors in the occurrence and development of tumors, and the anti-tumor immunity is mainly cellular immunity, so it is very important to improve the cellular immune function of the body.
Studies have shown that selenium significantly affects all three regulatory mechanisms of the immune system, namely cellular immunity, humoral immunity and nonspecific immunity. Selenium can also promote lymphocytes to produce antibodies, so that the level of blood immunoglobulin increases or remains normal. Therefore, in clinical practice, an appropriate amount of selenium supplementation for tumor patients can effectively improve the immune function of patients and enhance the anti-cancer and anti-cancer ability of the body.
Selenium can improve the antioxidant capacity of the body
Cancer patients have widespread antioxidant imbalance and excess harmful free radicals in the body. Selenium can effectively remove many lipid peroxides and hydrogen peroxide through a series of selenium containing enzymes.
Selenium can block tumor angiogenesis
Prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. Tumor metastasis and growth depend on the establishment of their own vascular system. Selenium can promote angiogenesis inhibitors, create an environment against the formation of "tumor neovascularization", so as to inhibit the formation and development of "tumor neovascularization network", and cut off the nutrient supply channel of tumor cells. Because the tumor cannot get nutrition, it will gradually wither and die out. At the same time, because the metabolic channel of the tumor is cut off, the waste of the tumor tissue itself cannot be discharged, and the tumor gradually degenerates and necrosis. Its mechanism can be vividly compared to "cutting off the enemy's food and grass".
Selenium can directly kill tumor cells
Selenium increases the level of camp in cancer cells, forms an internal environment that inhibits the division and proliferation of cancer cells, inhibits the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein of tumor cells, weakens the proliferation of tumor cells in vivo, and controls the growth and differentiation of tumor cells, so as to achieve the purpose of inhibiting cancer cells. In vitro studies showed that selenium significantly increased the proportion of nuclear pyknosis, nuclear rupture and nuclear disappearance of cancer cells in culture.
Selenium and radiotherapy and chemotherapy of tumor complement each other
Once a patient is diagnosed with cancer, drugs, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most commonly used "three magic weapons" to deal with various cancers. In addition to drug treatment, surgical treatment bears the brunt, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy are also extremely important. However, radiotherapy and chemotherapy not only kill cancer cells, but also damage a large number of normal cells and tissues of the human body, which can be described as "killing thousands of enemies and injuring 800 ourselves". During this treatment, patients will have a series of side effects, including a large reduction of leukocytes, pale complexion, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal dysfunction, anorexia, severe hair loss, physical decline, further weakening of immunity and disease resistance.
However, in recent years, more and more scientific studies have shown that selenium can not only fight against tumors, but also slow down the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy. It is an excellent adjuvant for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Selenium can play many roles in cancer patients during radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which are shown in the following aspects:
First of all, selenium supplementation can improve the immunity of patients with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so that patients have enough ability to successfully complete radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Selenium is conducive to helping cancer patients recover as soon as possible, preventing tumor metastasis and recurrence, and improving the treatment efficiency of patients. At the same time, long-term and appropriate use of selenium will not produce any side effects on the human body, and can be used continuously.
Secondly, selenium supplementation can reduce the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, such as nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal dysfunction, anorexia, severe hair loss, and can also reduce the decline of leukocytes caused by chemotherapy. Selenium can eliminate free radicals, resist oxidation reaction, accelerate the metabolism of human skin, and then alleviate the symptoms of skin redness and blister collapse caused by radiotherapy.
In particular, the bone marrow toxic side effects caused by chemotherapy drugs are mainly the oxidation of cell lipids, the accumulation of excessive peroxides, and the damage of stromal cells, which involves the blood storage and hematopoietic function of bone marrow. Selenium is an effective antioxidant. Taking selenium can enhance the antioxidant function of human body, inhibit peroxidation, decompose peroxides, remove free radicals, repair cell damage, regulate body metabolism and enhance immune function.
Clinical studies have confirmed that taking large doses of selenium preparations before and after chemotherapy, the total number of leukocytes and neutrophils are significantly higher than those without selenium preparations, which is much more economical than using expensive drugs such as granulocyte stimulating factors.
Finally, selenium supplementation can prevent drug resistance during radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and long-term radiotherapy and chemotherapy will make tumor cells prone to drug resistance. When tumor cells are attacked by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, some tumor cells die, and the other part escapes death, and a powerful "fortification" against radiotherapy and chemotherapy is established in the cells, which significantly reduces the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy again. Selenium supplementation while chemotherapy can significantly reduce the drug resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy, so that tumor cells are always sensitive to chemotherapy and easy to treat.
Selenium is an important supplement for cancer patients during rehabilitation
Selenium is an essential immune modulator for human body. Therefore, patients who are in the recovery period of tumor after radiotherapy and chemotherapy should adhere to selenium supplementation, because selenium has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on tumor, can improve immune function, improve body resistance and antioxidant capacity, so as to block tumor angiogenesis and prevent the recurrence and metastasis of new tumors.
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