Introduction: scientists have previously speculated that the gender difference in cancer incidence rate is due to the differences in lifestyle, behavior and spirit between the two sexes. A recent risk assessment study on nearly 300000 people showed that the inherent biological differences between men and women were the potential reasons for the different incidence rate of cancer.
According to the data released by the international agency for research on cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization, there were 19.29 million new cancer cases in the world in 2020, including 10.06 million males and 9.23 million females; The number of cancer deaths worldwide has reached 9.96 million, with 5.53 million males and 4.43 million females. It can be seen that the proportion of men suffering from cancer is definitely higher than that of women.
Previously, scientists speculated that the gender difference in cancer incidence rate was due to the differences in lifestyle, behavior and spirit between the two sexes. However, a new study published in cancer, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Association, recently showed that compared with the behavioral differences related to smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and other factors, the physiological gender difference may be the underlying reason for the different incidence rate of cancer.
https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.34390
01 risk assessment for 300000 people
Understanding the causes of gender differences in cancer risk can provide important information for improving prevention and treatment. To investigate, Dr. Sarah S. Jackson of the National Cancer Institute under the National Institutes of health and her colleagues assessed the difference in cancer risk at 21 cancer sites in 171000 men and 123000 women. These adults, aged between 50 and 71 years, participated in the NIH-AARP diet and health study from 1995 to 2011.
During this period, there were 17951 new cancers in males and 8742 new cancers in females. The incidence rate of thyroid cancer and gallbladder cancer in men is lower than that in women, while the incidence risk of other parts is 1.3 to 10.8 times higher than that in women. The highest risk increases among men were esophageal cancer (10.8 times higher risk), laryngeal cancer (3.5 times higher risk), gastric cardia (3.5 times higher risk) and bladder cancer (3.3 times higher risk).
Even after adjusting for most risk behaviors and carcinogen exposure factors, men still have a higher risk of most cancers than women. In fact, differences in risk behaviors and carcinogen factors between the sexes account for only a moderate proportion of the majority of cancers in which men are dominant (esophageal cancer accounts for 11% and lung cancer accounts for 50%).
The results indicate that biological differences between sexes, such as physiological, immune, genetic and other differences, play a major role in cancer susceptibility between men and women.
Dr. Jackson said: "our results show that the differences in cancer incidence rate cannot be explained by environmental exposure alone. This indicates that there are inherent biological differences between men and women, and these differences will affect the susceptibility to cancer."
02 editorial
An accompanying editorial discusses the results of this study and points out that a multifaceted approach is needed to address gender differences in cancer.
The author wrote: "From the strategic integration of gender as a biological variable into the whole cancer continuum, from risk prediction and primary prevention of cancer, cancer screening and secondary prevention, to cancer treatment and patient management. It is an ongoing pursuit to examine and solve gender differences in cancer and other diseases. The transformation research from the workbench to the bedside effectively translates the existing research results into clinical practice, is a scalable means to achieve precision medicine, and will reduce Light and ultimately eradicate gender differences in cancer. "
Reference material:
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-men-higher-cancer-women.html
http://news.sohu.com/a/575723312_100300137
Source link:
https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=3189e357049c
