Maitake, also known as Pleurotus frondosa, chestnut mushroom, mushroom, lotus fungus, etc., belongs to basidiomycetes, porous bacteria, porous bacteria family, porous bacteria genus. Maitake is not only distributed in China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula in East Asia, but also has Maitake resources in North America and some European countries. However, the quality of Maitake produced in Asia is superior, and it is known as the "Prince of edible fungi". In recent years, as a kind of high-grade health food, it is popular in Japan, Singapore and other markets.
Maitake has very precious medicinal value. A large number of studies have shown that Maitake polysaccharide extracted from its fruiting body or mycelium has significant anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, anti hepatitis, anti HIV virus and improving the function of the immune system. In particular, its anti-tumor activity, Japanese medical experts carried out anti-tumor experiments with Maitake polysaccharide. The results showed that the tumor inhibition rate of Maitake polysaccharide could reach 86.5%, which was 32% higher than that of lentinan, an internationally recognized anti-cancer drug. Therefore, Maitake has important medical and health value.
1. Biological activity research
1.1 anti tumor effect
The anti-tumor mechanism of Maitake polysaccharide preparation is similar to that of other fungal preparations, that is, it does not directly kill tumor cells, but relies on the body's own immunity to play a role, which is manifested in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, preventing tumor metastasis, preventing normal cell canceration, and cooperating with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to improve the treatment effect of cancer and reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Maitake polysaccharide is very effective in the early stage of tumor, and it has inhibitory activity within 1-4 weeks after tumor transplantation.
1.2 immune regulation
Immunotherapy can significantly prevent the occurrence and treatment of cancer. It is considered to be the fourth treatment after cancer treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It can fundamentally improve pathological symptoms and has no side effects. Maitake polysaccharide can greatly activate cellular immune function and improve body immunity. Nanba[1] reported that Maitake polysaccharide can activate various immune cells. After a certain dose of Maitake polysaccharide was injected into or orally administered to mice, the levels of cytotoxic T cells, late sensitive T cells and naturally killed cells in mice were significantly increased, and the levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and superoxide anion were also significantly increased.
1.3 inhibition of HIV activity
Professor Hiroaki pheasant of Kobe women's University of medicine in Japan added Maitake polysaccharide compounds to the test tube containing helper T lymphocytes infected with HIV virus, and found that the activity of HIV was inhibited [2].
1.4 regulating blood glucose and lipids
Kubo et al. [3] found that oral administration of Maitake fruit bodies can reduce blood glucose in hereditary diabetes mice, and also reduce the levels of insulin and triglycerides in plasma of mice.
1.5 role of adjuvant therapy for hepatitis
The research conclusions of Nanba et al. Prove that Maitake polysaccharide has the best therapeutic effect on hepatitis whether orally or injected. Kubo's research also shows that a variety of Maitake polysaccharide components can effectively reduce the transformation from experimental hepatitis to autoimmune chronic hepatitis.
2. Application
Maitake is mostly used in food, health food and pharmaceutical industries in industry, and its application forms are mostly fruiting bodies or deep culture medium and mycelium.
Maitake fruit body is mainly the raw material for industrial extraction of Maitake polysaccharide. The most commonly used method is hot water extraction. Maitake crude polysaccharide can be made into Maitake polysaccharide granules or used in combination with other natural extracts. As a food supplement, it is used in functional foods such as improving immunity, strengthening physique and delaying aging.
Maitake submerged fermentation can solve the shortcomings of traditional solid-state cultivation, such as complex process, high requirements for environment and climate, low yield and high cost. In the process of liquid fermentation, Maitake is metabolized and transformed into polysaccharides as much as possible, which is more conducive to its anti-tumor, anti ADIS and other health medicinal functions.
In addition, Maitake has certain application prospects in cosmetics and other fields: as an antioxidant to protect the skin from the toxicity of oxygen free radicals and as an activator to enhance the self-healing ability of tissues damaged by ultraviolet rays.
Reference：
[1] Nanba H. Maitake mushroom immune therapy to prevent from cancer growth andmetastasis [J], Explore, 1995, 6(1)：74-78.
[2] Zhao Ming Anti AIDS effect of Maitake [j], Chinese edible fungi, 1994, 13 (6):40
[3] Kubo K, Aoki H, Hanba, H. Anti-diabetic activity present in the fruit body of Crifola frondosa[J], Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1994, 17(8)：1106-1110.
Source:
https://www.163.com/dy/article/FCUP9VBS05348A07.html
