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Maitake Dry Qingyuan China

Source:chinamaitake Date:2020/12/24 9:45:21

Abstract:灰树花是食、药兼用蕈菌,属担子菌亚门层菌纲非褶菌目多孔菌科树花菌属。灰树花具有松蕈样芳香,肉质柔嫩,味如鸡丝,脆似玉兰。同时,灰树花又具有极高的医疗保健功能。作为中药,灰树花和猪苓有同等疗效,可治小便不利、水肿、脚气、肝硬化腹水及糖尿病等,是非常宝贵的药用真菌。

药食兼用真菌——灰树花

灰树花是食、药兼用蕈菌,属担子菌亚门层菌纲非褶菌目多孔菌科树花菌属。灰树花具有松蕈样芳香,肉质柔嫩,味如鸡丝,脆似玉兰。同时,灰树花又具有极高的医疗保健功能。作为中药,灰树花和猪苓有同等疗效,可治小便不利、水肿、脚气、肝硬化腹水及糖尿病等,是非常宝贵的药用真菌。

灰树花在民间有悠久的食用历史,其鲜品具有独特清香味,滋味鲜美。灰树花营养丰富,每100克干灰树花中含有蛋白质25.2克(其中含有人体所需氨基酸18种、18.68克,必需氨基酸占45.5%),脂肪3.2克,膳食纤维33.7克,碳水化合物21.4克,灰分5.1克,富含钾、磷、铁、锌、钙、铜、硒、铬等多种有益矿物质,维生素含量丰富(维生素E109.7 毫克,维生素B11.47毫克,维生素B20.72毫克,维生素C17.0毫克,胡萝卜素4.5毫克)。维生素B1和维生素E含量比其他食用菌高10~20倍,维生素C含量是其他食用菌的3~5倍,蛋白质和氨基酸是香菇的2倍。

灰树花干品的加工

灰树花干品在国际市场上价格昂贵,产品供不应求,是庆元县近年来出口创汇的珍贵食用菌之一,因而对灰树花干品的产品质量要求也较为严格。

(一)适时采收  灰树花采收期是在春、秋季,菇体以七分成熟时采收为宜,过于成熟采收,菇片会反卷,菌孔变成刺状,会降低产品质量。

(二)修整菇体  在适时选定采下的灰树花中,会有朵形大小不一的现象,因此,还要对菇体进行修整,将菇体切对开分为鲜重每朵50g左右为宜。

(三)脱水干燥  将切对开的菇体切口朝上排列在烘筛上,并根据烘烤量、含水量和排湿条件,控制开始烘烤的温度。灰树花干品须烘至菇体含水量在13%以下。

(四)封装保藏  待干燥器内温度冷却到室温后,立即用聚乙烯新塑料包装袋,定量密封包装,然后装入纸箱内封好,置阴凉干燥处。

灰树花干花的泡发

在食用灰树花干花时,要先将干花进行泡发。方法很简单,先用温开水将干灰树花放在里面浸泡一段时间,然后处理掉里面的杂质,并将其撕成小块,即可用于烹饪。


参考文献:

《食药两用真菌——灰树花》韩省华

https://www.ixueshu.com/document/b182fab31af30eb1dd2183d056553230318947a18e7f9386.html

《出口灰树花干品的加工技术》练长勋,练红花

www.ixueshu.com/document/02ca2dccf7132f8b318947a18e7f9386.html

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