Thyroid puncture is a method used to diagnose nodular thyroid diseases.
Thyroid puncture is often used for some thyroid diseases that are still difficult to diagnose after a variety of examinations. It is a routine examination method for goiter and thyroid nodular diseases, which is helpful to understand the pathological nature, determine the diagnosis and guide the treatment.
If it is found during the examination that the edge of the patient's thyroid mass is irregular, the nodule has low echo, or there is slight calcification in the nodule, it may be caused by malignant tumor. At this time, thyroid puncture is needed to clarify the pathology. If it is a malignant disease and needs further treatment, it can be treated by surgery and lymph node dissection. Thyroid puncture is a relatively conventional diagnostic method, and the trauma to patients is very small. It is performed with a fine needle, and the recovery is also very fast after puncture. When patients have cysts or thyroid adenomas, they can also be biopsied by thyroid puncture.
Thyroid puncture can be divided into fine needle puncture and coarse needle puncture. Fine needle aspiration is the first choice for the evaluation of thyroid nodules, which is of great significance in the differential diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, benign and malignant thyroid tumors. The diseases that can be definitely diagnosed by puncture operation include: ① papillary thyroid carcinoma ② medullary thyroid carcinoma ③ undifferentiated carcinoma ④ Hashimoto thyroiditis ⑤ subacute thyroiditis ⑥ suppurative thyroiditis ⑦ thyroid cystic lesion ⑧ parathyroid cyst, etc.
Then, what kinds of situations require thyroid puncture, such as diffuse thyroid disease with goiter; Thyroid nodules; Preoperative evaluation of thyroid cystic lesions and superficial masses in other parts requires puncture. Patients with heart disease, bleeding quality and definite hyperthyroidism can not be implemented.
If thyroid nodules are detected, how to distinguish benign from malignant?
At present, the first choice method for screening and distinguishing the nature of thyroid nodules is ultrasonography. It can not only identify the existence of nodules, but also collect detailed information such as the size, number, position and shape of nodules.
However, doctors can only preliminarily speculate through ultrasound, such as "benign possibility is large" and "malignant possibility is large". For suspicious malignant nodules, thyroid puncture biopsy is also required, which is the standard for diagnosing the nature of thyroid nodules. Through biopsy, thyroid cancer can not only be diagnosed, but also be divided into papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Therefore, it is not difficult to judge the benign and malignant nature of thyroid nodules through thyroid ultrasound, puncture biopsy, and genetic testing.
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