China’s important agricultural cultural heritage "Zhejiang Qingyuan Mushroom Cultural System" has a history of more than 800 years. In recent years, Qingyuan County has actively inherited, innovated and developed in the process of protection. It is derived from the long-term formation of "good seeds" with stable genetic characteristics, allowing microorganisms, sunlight, air, water and time to fully function, and after cyclic farming, a "good land" with enduring soil strength and eco-friendliness is formed. “Good techniques” such as understory planting and breeding, forest-farm intercropping, paddy and dry rotation, and utilization of wild resources in forests, condense into green, ecological, safe, and high-quality “good agricultural heritage products”, creating the “good agricultural heritage products”. "Golden Mountain and Silver Mountain" has become an experimental area for the value conversion of the concept of "two mountains" in Lishui mountain farming, providing guidance and reference for agricultural efficiency, farmers' income, and rural prosperity.
Realize sustainable use in protection and inheritance
The "Zhejiang Qingyuan Mushroom Cultural System" has experienced 800 years of endless growth, mainly because it is an ecological cycle system where forest mushrooms grow together. The traditional cultivation technique adopts "selective cutting at different ages". The felled mushrooms naturally rot to increase humus, maintain soil fertility, and promote water conservation. It is a sustainable forest management technology. The cultivation of shiitake mushrooms has achieved a technological leap from the method of cutting flowers to the method of segmented wood, and then to the method of substitute materials, but the core concept and technology of forest mushroom breeding in Qingyuan County have always been passed on. Today, the forest coverage rate of the heritage conservation area is as high as 91%, the farmland and villages are basically kept in their original appearance, the landscape features are distinctive, and the concept of "people and nature are the community of life" is vividly implemented. For thousands of years, mushroom people and mushrooms have lived together and integrated into life, forming a colorful mushroom culture such as mushroom folk opera, mushroom mountain dialect, mushroom temple fair, and mushroom kung fu.
The cultivation of shiitake mushrooms "does not compete with people for food, forests, land, or agriculture", opening up a new source of food for mankind, and playing an important role in coping with mountain food safety and solving employment. More than 50% of farmers' income in Qingyuan County comes from this industry. In 2015, the county eliminated the absolute poverty of “below 4600 yuan”. More than 10,000 “mushroom masters” in Qingyuan brought the strains produced by Qingyuan to more than 400 counties in 20 provinces across the country, making positive contributions to poverty alleviation. At the same time, the cultivation technology of shiitake mushrooms has also spread across the ocean, which has promoted the development of the edible mushroom industry in other parts of the world.
Qingyuan is an important ecological function area, one of the most abundant fungi resources in the world, the oldest artificially cultivated mushroom cradle, and a living museum of mushroom cultivation technology, with the most complete mushroom cultivation technology evolution chain , Is the most perfect forest mushroom co-cultivation system and the largest mushroom trading center in my country. The successive county committees and governments of Qingyuan not only raised their ideological awareness of the special ecological value, but also recognized the preciousness of biodiversity resources from the perspective of mushrooms, digging into the value connotation, and boosting Qingyuan mushrooms to the world.
Achieve a green rise in innovation and development
Wu Sangong, the ancestor of shiitake mushrooms, invented the method of chopping flowers, creating a precedent for artificial cultivation of shiitake mushrooms. Through generations, shiitake mushrooms have become the main source of income for the mushroom people and become the leading industry for the development of Qingyuan. At present, there are more than 70,000 edible fungi-related employees and 377 enterprises in Qingyuan County. In 2019, the county's edible fungus production scale was 120 million bags, and the edible fungus output was more than 90,000 tons (fresh). The market is stable, and the industry is one, two, and three. With a total output value of approximately 3.68 billion yuan, it has become a veritable shrine for the ancestors of shiitake mushrooms, a place for the promotion of shiitake culture, a place for the research and development of shiitake mushroom species, a place where shiitake brand origins, and a small mushroom town tourist destination. It has held 11 consecutive Chinese shiitake mushroom festivals and established China Mushroom City, Edible Mushroom Research Center, Mushroom Museum, Famous Mushroom Food City, New Mushroom Market.
The source of mushrooms is the same, the products are the same, and the mushroom farmers of Qingyuan mushroom have always adhered to the craftsmanship of refining mushrooms, committed to promoting the transformation and upgrading of the entire industrial chain of the edible fungus industry, and making Qingyuan mushrooms an important way for the people to increase their income. Technological innovation leads the beautiful era of Qingyuan mushrooms. It is the first to implement standardized production in the country, implements the county-wide registration of export edible fungi bases, and becomes a national-level export food and agricultural product quality safety demonstration zone. At present, the edible fungus industry in Qingyuan County has 48 organic products, 6 green foods, 5 Zhejiang famous brand agricultural products, and 1 Zhejiang regional famous brand agricultural products. The county edible fungus scientific research center won 1 second prize and 1 third prize of National Science and Technology Progress, and became the "National Excellent Scientific Research Institute of Edible Fungi Industry". The selected mushrooms 241-4, Qingyuan 9015, Qingke 20, Qing Branch 212 and other varieties are currently the main varieties of shiitake mushrooms throughout the country.
Realize the "two-mountain transformation" in utilization integration
Qingyuan County is based on the natural endowment of the first county in China's ecological environment, strengthens the government's leadership, industry cultivation service, agricultural technology support, market development and brand promotion, and promotes the overall development of the mushroom industry. Give full play to the leading role of rural science and technology demonstration households, carefully cultivate a technical team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside, and loves farmers, and creates new ways to explore the value of ecological products. Since 2014, a total of 148 rural technology demonstration households have been cultivated, including 18 provincial-level rural technology demonstration households, 53 municipal-level rural technology demonstration households, and county-level rural technology demonstration households 77, covering 19 towns (sub-districts). Due to the geographical conditions and the industrious people of Mushroom Township, they cultivated Qingyuan Shiitake mushrooms, Qingyuan Maitake and other national geographical indication products.
Qingyuan Shiitake Mushrooms, as the first batch of national origin protected products, currently have a brand value of 4.926 billion yuan, and have been the No. 1 brand of edible fungi in China for eight consecutive years. Qingyuan County, with the help of the regional brand of "Lishui Mountain Farming", sold high-quality "good agricultural heritage products" at a good price and enriched farmers. Up to now, 107 cooperative entities of "Lishui Shangeng" have been cultivated, 76 trademarks of the mother and child brands of "Lishui Shangeng", 125 cooperative bases, and 101 endorsed agricultural products have been cultivated.
In 2014, the rare mushroom "Qingyuan Maitake" obtained the National Geographical Indication Certification for Agricultural Products. After a series of protection and development work, the output of Maitake peanuts increased from 12.2 million bags in 2015 to 18 million bags in 2019, an increase of 47.5%. In 2019, the output of Maitake (fresh products) was 8,270 tons, accounting for national production. More than 70% of the total, there are 10 Maitake certified organic products in the county. The products include dry and fresh products, small package products, Maitake powder, Maitake biscuit, Maitake toothpaste and medicines, etc. With a total output value of more than 500 million yuan, it has formed an ecological product value realization path of "government guidance + scientific and technological support + standardized production + brand building". Qingyuan has embarked on a four-fold strategy of "policy support, technological support, standardized production, and brand building". The road to overlap and increase the value of ecological products.
From：qynews.zjol.com
http://qynews.zjol.com.cn/qynews/system/2019/12/27/032089547.shtml
