Health is no trivial matter, and every drop is related to people's livelihood. In the past two sessions of the National People's Congress, representatives and members from the field of health and health actively offered suggestions and suggestions for the construction of a healthy China. Our reporter combed some hot topics for readers. Among them, the keyword "early" appears frequently, which highlights the importance of the current medical community to early screening, early diagnosis and prevention.
Achieve full coverage of "two cancers" screening as soon as possible
As the two major tumor affecting women's health, breast cancer and cervical cancer are regarded as "killer of confidante".
"At present, the incidence rate of" two cancers "increases year by year, and the trend of younger age is obvious. Representative Wang Lan, President of Wuhan fourth hospital, said that doing a good job of "two cancer" screening is not only to protect women's health, but also to protect the happiness of millions of families.
"Regular screening is an important means to find tumors in time, improve the cure rate and reduce mortality." Member Wang Weiming, vice president of Heilongjiang College of traditional Chinese medicine, suggested that we should further optimize the supply of public services and the allocation of public resources, provide effective health protection from the national public health level, and constantly increase investment in "two cancers" screening, so that more and more women can benefit from it.
Wang Ling, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Hubei Provincial People's Congress, suggested that the "two cancer" screening for breast cancer and cervical cancer should be covered as soon as possible. The screening of "two cancer" in urban and rural women should be included in the medical insurance, so that every woman of the right age could be screened and treated in time. "At the same time, we should strengthen the innovative research and development of screening technology, strengthen the application of artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies, and encourage capable scientific research teams to tackle key diagnosis and treatment technologies".
Cervical cancer can be effectively prevented by vaccination (HPV vaccine). Since 2020, China has deployed and carried out free HPV vaccination for school-age women in many places. HPV vaccine is divided into bivalent, tetravalent and jiuvalent. Among them, bivalent and tetravalent can cover HPV types 16 and 18, which cause 70% of cervical cancer.
"From the perspective of public health, there is no significant difference among bivalent, tetravalent and jiuvalent HPV vaccines in immunogenicity and prevention effect. If the purpose is to prevent cervical cancer, bivalent domestic HPV vaccine can fully meet the demand and the cost is reasonable." Representative Xu Ping, director of the Art Committee Office of Chengdu jingjinghui culture and Technology Co., Ltd., pointed out that at present, the vaccination rate of cervical cancer vaccine for school-age women in China is generally low. It is suggested to include bivalent HPV vaccine into the immunization plan, focus on girls aged 13-15, and implement voluntary free vaccination. The implementation plan shall be formulated jointly by the Health Commission, women's Federation, education, finance and other relevant departments, Vaccination should be popularized in an orderly manner to benefit all women as soon as possible.
Accelerate the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, COPD and other diseases
"The last thing we want to see as cancer treatment doctors is the word 'late', and the last thing we want to tell you is the word 'early', because there are too few people doing early screening." Wang Guiqi, director of the endoscopy department of the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, said.
"There are no typical symptoms in the early stage of malignant tumor. There has never been a sudden tumor. Its occurrence and development is a multi-stage and slow process." According to Wang Guiqi, for the high incidence of esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer in China, the whole process takes 10 to 15 years from normal body to precancerous lesions and early cancer, and finally to intermediate and advanced tumors with clinical symptoms, "Most people don't go to the hospital until they have symptoms such as fever, can't eat and are always uncomfortable. But once there are obvious symptoms of malignant tumors, many of them are in the middle and late stages."
It is gratifying that China's screening and early diagnosis technology has reached the international advanced level. "We can find early cancer and precancerous lesions, and then treat or even cure these diseases through super minimally invasive technology while preserving human organs and ensuring the quality of life after operation." Wang Guiqi said.
With the support of major national public health projects and the joint efforts of all sectors of society, the rural cancer early diagnosis and treatment project has covered 782 counties and districts in 31 provinces in China. After training, a large number of grass-roots medical personnel have greatly improved their early diagnosis ability of cancer screening.
"In order to avoid the word 'late', the whole society must try its best around the word 'early'." Wang Guiqi said, "if we continue to promote the quality of rural cancer screening and early diagnosis, we will achieve double declines in the incidence rate and mortality rate of major malignant tumors in rural areas."
At the two sessions this year, Academician Wang Chen, member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee and vice president of the Chinese Academy of engineering, submitted a proposal for the second time to include COPD in the national basic public health service, "The inclusion of COPD into the national basic public health service is a basic, leading and twice the result with half the effort. The sufficient and necessary conditions in all aspects are ripe," Wang Chen said
"We should incorporate COPD into basic public health services as soon as possible, improve the whole society's awareness of COPD, improve the diagnosis and treatment ability of primary medical institutions, achieve early diagnosis and treatment, urge primary medical institutions to equip portable pulmonary function instruments, quickly popularize pulmonary function tests, establish an incentive mechanism for primary doctors to manage COPD patients, and manage patients throughout the process, Realize standardized treatment and follow-up, so as to improve the level of prevention and treatment of COPD and benefit more patients. " Representative Li Weimin, President of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, said.
"Only less than 3% of patients with COPD know they have COPD, and the public awareness rate of COPD is less than 10%. Most patients have been classified as severe or even very severe COPD at the time of initial diagnosis, which greatly increases the harm of the disease, the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment, and the economic burden." Li Weimin said that only by not letting patients miss the opportunity of early intervention can we improve the unsatisfactory situation of COPD prevention and control.
General practitioners with high training level and sufficient number
From a medical student to a qualified doctor, it generally takes more than 10 years of learning and training and life-cycle learning.
"The training direction of clinical medical talents should be determined by the disease spectrum of the people. Common and frequently occurring diseases need to be diagnosed and treated at the grass-roots level, while complex diseases need to be diagnosed and treated by specialists." Wang Songling, vice president of Capital Medical University and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that at present, the proportion of general practitioners in the composition of doctors in China is low. The government should play a regulatory role to ensure that the proportion of general practitioners exceeds 50% and improve the quality of general practitioners working in the front line, so as to realize division of labor and responsibility and establish a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.
Over the past two years, Wu Hao, President of the school of general medicine and continuing education of Capital Medical University, has participated in major community epidemic prevention and control in 11 provinces. In his opinion, as the first contact of patients, community general practitioners are the "gatekeeper" of epidemic monitoring and early warning. To consolidate the grass-roots health service network, we need to train high-level and sufficient general practitioners.
"At this stage, the general medicine department of the general hospital is still facing problems such as short establishment time, late start, insufficient manpower, lack of funds, unclear development path and so on." Wu Hao suggested that the state can select the general medicine departments of some general hospitals as the construction of national key clinical specialties, so as to improve the attention of the whole society to the development of general medicine.
"Attract the best talents to medicine, put in place the elite education of the medical long school system, improve the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment mechanism, and guide the whole society to fear life, respect doctors and respect medicine." Wang Songling said.
Source: Tencent
https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20220315A00Y1700
