Cancer has become a serious threat to human health. In February this year, the latest cancer report published by the National Cancer Center magazine progress in cancer Science (jncc) showed that in 2016, there were about 4.064 million new cancer cases and 2.4135 million new cancer deaths in China, which is equivalent to that more than 10000 people in China are diagnosed with new cancer every day, 464 people are newly diagnosed with cancer every hour, and an average of 7 people are diagnosed every minute, And 276 people die from cancer every hour (related reading: weight! The latest report on cancer incidence rate and mortality in China released by the National Cancer Center).
The main reason why cancer is difficult to deal with is that it was discovered late. The majority of cancer patients in China are in the middle and late stage when they are diagnosed, and it is difficult to obtain clinical cure through surgery.
However, the difficulty in early detection of cancer does not mean that it is impossible to detect early. In fact, when many cancers invade, the human body has early warning signals. As long as we raise our vigilance and find these signals in time, we will detect tumors early.
20 early signs of cancer
1. Oral ulcers that cannot be cured - oral cancer;
2. Recurrent bloody mucus, unilateral nasal obstruction and progressive aggravation - nasopharyngeal carcinoma, nasal cavity cancer and sinus cancer;
3. Unexplained, long-term treatment, paroxysmal irritating dry cough, blood sputum, especially lung cancer, a long-term smoker;
4. Headache, jet vomiting, optic disc edema and vision loss (triad of increased intracranial pressure) - brain tumor;
5. Progressive dysphagia - esophageal cancer;
6. Progressive or unrelenting epigastric pain, vomiting, hematemesis or black stool - gastric cancer;
7. Intestinal irritation symptoms and changes in defecation habits (frequency of defecation, diarrhea or constipation, alternating constipation and diarrhea, urgency and heaviness, feeling of anal distension, etc.), hematochezia and intestinal obstruction, excluding other non neoplastic intestinal diseases - colorectal cancer;
8. Persistent and unrelenting low back pain, abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, emaciation, jaundice and other manifestations - pancreatic cancer;
9. Pain and discomfort in the right upper abdomen (intermittent or continuous dull pain or stinging pain), abdominal mass, jaundice, ascites, lower limb edema, liver palms, spider nevus, abdominal wall varicose veins and other liver cirrhosis manifestations - liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma;
10. Painless and progressive large breast mass, characteristic breast skin changes (dimple sign, orange skin change, satellite nodule, armor like change, etc.), abnormal nipple changes (bloody nipple discharge, nipple retraction depression, nipple erosion, crusting and other eczema like changes), hard swollen lymph nodes in the axillary region - breast cancer;
11. Contact vaginal bleeding or irregular vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, increased leucorrhea (vaginal discharge, rice soup, or mixed with blood, may have special odor) - cervical cancer and endometrial cancer;
12. Unexplained abdominal distension, abdominal pain, lower abdominal mass, ascites - ovarian cancer;
13. Hematuria, lumbago, abdominal mass (TRIAD) - renal cancer;
14. Painless gross hematuria, excluding bladder irritation symptoms (frequency of urination, urgency of urination, pain of urination and difficulty in urination) - bladder cancer;
15. Elderly male, urinary tract irritation symptoms such as frequent and urgent urination, hesitation in urination, incomplete urination, interruption of urination, dripping after urination, laborious urination, frequent urination at night, etc. - prostate cancer;
16. Testicular cancer, a painless mass with gradually enlarged testis;
17. Painless enlargement of lymph nodes, alcohol pain (pain of bone and lymph node involved in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients after drinking alcohol), skin itching - lymphoma;
18. Unexplained bone pain, non traumatic pathological fracture - bone tumor (primary bone tumor or bone metastasis);
19. Abnormal change of pigmented nevus - melanoma;
20. Unexplained fatigue and weight loss (emaciation) - all cancers may have these manifestations at a certain stage (possibly in the middle and late stages).
It should be noted that the symptom manifestation is only a reference, only a reminder to go to the hospital for further examination, rather than relying on the symptoms to feel that you have diagnosed cancer. The gold standard of cancer diagnosis is pathological diagnosis, which cannot be judged by symptoms alone.
Keep in mind the five anti-cancer classics and stay away from cancer
01 develop good eating habits
Many cancers are related to bad eating habits.
For example, a high salt diet such as salted vegetables and salted fish can cause direct damage to the gastric mucosa, and a series of pathological changes will follow; In addition, this kind of food contains a large amount of nitrite. Under the action of gastric acid, it can react with protein to produce carcinogen nitrosamine, which can induce cancer such as gastric cancer, intestinal cancer and esophageal cancer; Or like to eat hot food and drink, which can increase the incidence rate of esophageal cancer.
02 stay away from alcohol and tobacco
Smoke contains more than 7000 chemical components, more than 69 of which have been proven to be carcinogens. Once inhaled into the body, it can cause DNA damage, induce gene mutations, and then lead to cancer.
The main component of alcohol is ethanol. After entering the human body, it is mainly decomposed by the liver, and then acetaldehyde is produced. This is a toxic substance that can cause abnormal growth rate of hepatocytes, damage cell DNA, cause gene mutation, and finally induce cancer.
03 maintain physical and mental health
Long term high-pressure or negative emotional accumulation, especially depression, is closely related to cancer. Some people even think that depression catalyzes tumors. Not only that, after the cancer is detected, if you can't control your emotions, it will lead to the deterioration of the disease.
04 exercise regularly
If you stay seated for a long time, and do not exercise after eating, the food will not be digested, which may have a certain impact on the digestive function of the intestinal tract and cause constipation. If you stay seated for a long time, you can increase the risk of cancer. Several studies have shown that insufficient exercise can increase the risk of cancers such as colon and breast cancer cancer. And exercise is an effective way to prevent cancer!
05 regular physical examination
Health examination and early screening for cancer among high-risk groups have irreplaceable preventive effects. Regular examination can help to find physical abnormalities in time, and conduct etiological investigation and diagnosis, so as to avoid the regret of missing the best treatment opportunity.
It is recommended that everyone should have a physical examination at least once a year, and it is better for the middle-aged and old people to have a physical examination twice if they have the conditions. This is because some tumors are highly hidden and may not be found by an ordinary physical examination. Recommended reading: why was it found to be in the advanced stage of cancer during the annual physical examination? Don't treat ordinary physical examination as cancer prevention physical examination!
In short, the emergence of cancer is not silent, nor is it achieved overnight. We should develop good habits in our daily life and regularly conduct physical examination and screening; If you feel unwell, go to a regular hospital for medical treatment in time, you can effectively avoid the progress of the disease, effectively prevent and detect cancer early!
Reference source:
[1] Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2016 - ScienceDirect
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667005422000047
[2] Health times, World Health Organization, guangming.com, China Science Daily
Source:
https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=b4d7e34749e1
