Among the 20 cancers, lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, more than 97% of them are susceptible to at least one type of cancer, and the risk of cancer is significantly increased among people with high genetic risk and unhealthy lifestyles.
Recently, Shen Hongbing, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, and the research team of the Department of epidemiology of the global health center of the school of public health of Nanjing Medical University led the research carried out by many universities in China, which was published in the journal Cancer Research of the American Society for cancer research. The researchers constructed the polygenic risk score (PRS) of 20 cancer loci, and prospectively evaluated the relationship between the overall cancer polygenic risk score (CPRs) and cancer risk by using the biological sample information of 442501 people in the British biological sample bank.
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world, and its occurrence is the result of the joint action of genetic and environmental factors. "Previous genetic studies have found some gene loci or DNA regions with specific changes that can affect cancer risk. Based on this, individual cancer risk can be personalized evaluated. However, previous studies have mostly focused on a single cancer, and how to construct an index to comprehensively predict the overall genetic risk of cancer is unclear." the co first author of the paper Zhu Meng, associate professor of Epidemiology Department of global health center, School of public health, Nanjing Medical University, told Science and technology daily.
Zhu Meng said that previous studies have shown that over 40% of cancer cases and deaths can be attributed to unhealthy lifestyles. Individuals with high genetic risk can reduce the risk of breast cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer by adopting a healthy lifestyle. However, it is unclear whether maintaining a healthy lifestyle is effective in reducing the overall risk of cancer.
Based on this, the team used the results of genome wide association study to construct 20 cancer loci PRS, and established the CPRS of men and women based on gender incidence rate of cancer in British biomebank. On this basis, CPRS was calculated from the biological information of the biomebank database, and the relationship between CPRS and risk of cancer was finally assessed. Zhu Meng said.
In the study, the research group composed the subjects' "smoking, drinking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and eating habits" into a scoring system of healthy lifestyle to evaluate the protective effect of healthy lifestyle on cancer in different genetic risk groups.
"We define a healthy lifestyle as not smoking or quitting smoking for more than 30 years; not drinking alcohol; the BMI value of normal body shape is 18.5-30; at least 75 minutes of vigorous exercise or 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise or equal combination every week; eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grain and fish, and eat less red meat and processed meat," Zhu Meng said.
The study found that PRS of 20 cancers are independent of each other, and almost all of them are related to the risk of cancer at specific sites. More than 97% of individuals are susceptible to at least one cancer, "which means that almost everyone is prone to at least one type of cancer." Zhu Meng interpreted.
Among them, compared with subjects with low genetic risk, the overall cancer risk of men with moderate or high genetic risk increased by 27% and 91%, respectively, while that of women increased by 21% and 62%, respectively.
Further studies have shown that genetic and lifestyle factors have a combined effect on the overall cancer risk. Zhu Meng introduced that compared with the population with low genetic risk and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, the risk of cancer increased by 1.99 times in men and 1.38 times in women.
In the high risk population identified by CPRS, if the healthy lifestyle was adopted, the incidence rate of cancer in male was reduced from 7.23% to 5.51% in 5 years, and from 5.77% to 3.69% in women.
"The study has constructed an indicator CPRs that can quantify the overall genetic risk of cancer, which proves that almost everyone is a high-risk population of cancer, and a healthy lifestyle can reduce the overall risk of cancer." Zhu Meng believes that improving diet patterns, maintaining exercise and controlling tobacco and alcohol consumption are very important to reduce the cancer risk of the general population.
Science and Technology Daily
http://health.people.com.cn/n1/2021/0825/c14739-32206705.html
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