The mushroom source in the world, the history of the opening in Qingyuan. Qingyuan County is located in the southwest of Zhejiang Province, adjacent to the east of Fujian Province, and enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of Chinese mushrooms". It is the birthplace of artificial cultivation of mushroom in the world and the largest mushroom distribution center in China. Edible mushroom industry has a long history, deep culture and solid foundation on Qingyuan magical land.
In order to build a world platform for international exchanges and cooperation, common development and mutual learning of edible mushroom industry, jointly improve the technology of edible fungi industry, exchange management experience, and guide the comprehensive exchange of edible mushroom technology, talents, equipment and products, the first Qingyuan summit of the first president of edible mushroom industry of China, Japan and South Korea and China edible mushroom food tasting meeting were held in Qingyuan from November 9 to 12, 2018 There are nearly 600 participants from China, Japan and South Korea, including the president of edible mushroom industry, industry elite and relevant persons in edible mushroom industry. It will let domestic and foreign countries appreciate the charm of Qingyuan mushroom and edible mushroom industry, and promote the development of the world edible mushroom industry.
The origin of mushroom by historical investigation
As early as 800 years ago, Wu Sangong, a village villager in Longyan village, Qingyuan, invented the world artificial cultivation of mushroom technology -- flower cutting method. This technology of "flower cutting" was granted the patent of Qingyuan, Longquan and Jingning by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty. In the long hundreds of years, the people of Qingyuan mushroom have been engaged in mushroom production in all parts of the country with the patent, covering more than ten provinces and cities, including Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Anhui, Sichuan, Shaanxi, cloud and Guizhou. The records of Qingyuan County in Kangxi of Qing Dynasty also contain: "the people of Qingyi take mushroom as their business. The old people are at home, the strong live outside, Sichuan, Shaanxi, cloud, precious have nothing to experience. ".
"According to the summary of Qingyuan County in 36 years of the Republic of China, there were 60000 mushroom people in Qingyuan County at that time, accounting for 70% of the total population." Wuyuande, director of the administration of edible fungi of Qingyuan County, introduced that the production of the mushroom has gone through four stages: the "cut flowers" of the log to cultivate mushroom, the cultivation of mushroom with pure mycelium inoculation of segment wood, the cultivation of mushroom in the open field of artificial mushroom and the cultivation of mushroom in high greenhouse. Since 1989, Professor zhangshuting, chairman of UNESCO International Tropical mushroom society, has come to Qingyuan for three times to investigate and demonstrate, and confirms Qingyuan is the birthplace of artificial cultivation of mushroom in the world, and has written the inscription "the origin of mushroom".
In addition, Qingyuan has formed a complete cultural system in the long mushroom production practice, such as the unique mushroom Temple meeting, mushroom mountain dialect, mushroom folk play, mushroom folk song, mushroom people's self-defense skills, mushroom folk customs, etc., which is an important embodiment of Chinese and even world agricultural culture. In order to promote and inherit the mushroom culture, it is determined that on November 11, the cultural festival of mushroom in China (Qingyuan) and the pilgrimage of the first ancestor of mushroom will be held regularly. "Zhejiang Qingyuan mushroom culture system" has become the second batch of important agricultural cultural heritage in China. At present, it is carrying out the declaration of the world's important agricultural cultural heritage.
Forge ahead and explore and build mushroom brand
Qingyuan is the first county of ecological environment in China. It has abundant vegetation, beautiful mountains and beautiful mountains and excellent climate. Good natural environment lays the foundation for cultivating high-quality mushroom. But how to build a brand of high quality mushroom has been the work of Qingyuan.
Because the people of Qingyuan generally master the skilled mushroom technology, Qingyuan edible mushroom industry, especially mushroom industry, has the historical, cultural, technical and market advantages that other counties and cities in China can not compare. In recent years, Qingyuan County has increased support investment, cultivated excellent varieties, improved quality, and implemented standardized production and standardized management. We should pay attention to the development of edible mushroom industry, and build a strong edible mushroom county from the aspects of science and technology, equipment manufacturing, market, industrial agglomeration, intensive processing and industrial culture. We should keep a proper planting scale and attach importance to the cultivation and cultivation of mushroom forest. At the same time, the industry has developed rapidly, and the ecological development is benign. Zhejiang University was entrusted to prepare the strategic plan for the brand of Qingyuan mushroom, redesigned and registered the brand image of Qingyuan mushroom, and publicized the brand through the media of bus advertisement, magazine and exhibition.
Nowadays, Qingyuan mushroom brand has won 100 public brands of China agricultural products and the most influential Chinese agricultural products regional public brands, and can buy any quality mushroom in Qingyuan. The 2017 China agricultural products regional public brand value was released, and the brand value of "Qingyuan mushroom" was RMB 4.926 billion, ranking 17th in the national agricultural brand, and ranked the first brand of edible mushroom in China for 8 consecutive years.
At the summit, experts and scholars from outside world also provide new ideas for Qingyuan brand building and market development. "Take Qingyuan mushroom as an example, Qingyuan's environment and planting technology can ensure that Qingyuan has good quality mushrooms, but when a good mushroom is planted, it should be sold out. Otherwise, it is meaningless to plant more and better mushrooms, which can not be sold. " Mark Vasi, former president of the international mushroom society, said mushrooms have high nutritional value, known as "mountain treasure" and "king of mushrooms". He said that today, the vegetarian community around the world is growing, and their daily diet is mushroom, except vegetables. Therefore, Qingyuan mushroom can expand the market to vegetarians, and make it known in the international market.
Leading the implementation of the construction of mushroom market in China
In order to ensure the leading position of Qingyuan mushroom brand in the whole country, and make this traditional industry become the leading industry and pillar industry, the construction of market system engineering of Qingyuan mushroom is essential. In january2016, Qingyuan mushroom town was successfully listed in the second batch of Zhejiang provincial characteristic towns. The mushroom market is located on the east side of the mushroom Town, and looks across the street from the commercial and residential areas. It is clean and bright, and the shops are standing in order. The market of Qingyuan mushroom is composed of six major business blocks, including market logistics area, headquarters Economic Zone, market supporting apartment area, mushroom culture square, mushroom building and new town commercial block. It has six business types, including agricultural product transaction, agricultural product display and sale, tourism shopping, e-commerce, logistics refrigeration, edible mushroom processing, national edible mushroom price index release, financial service, conference service, catering service Service and other functions.
According to Chenxiang, general manager of Qingyuan mushroom Market Co., Ltd., the mushroom market has many functions, such as agricultural product trading exhibition, travel shopping, e-commerce, logistics refrigeration, and release of domestic edible mushroom price index, through building a functional system of large-scale, spatial information, cold chain integration and supporting diversified service system, It has become the leading wholesale center of mushroom in China and even in the world.
"Qingyuan is not only ecological and of good quality, but also important, Qingyuan has deposited more than 800 years of mushroom culture, and has its own system of mushroom language and mushroom people's living customs. It can be said that the ecological environment and cultural heritage that Qingyuan cannot replicate are the reasons and impetus for us to choose to rebuild a city here. " Chen said that the Qingyuan mushroom market has gathered 376 business households and 35 enterprises, including 32 edible mushroom enterprises and 3 high-tech enterprises, providing 4900 jobs. The transaction volume in 2017 reached 2.578 billion yuan.
Continuously breaking through transformation and upgrading mushroom industry
From "one mushroom alone" to "hundred mushrooms are released in one place", Qingyuan edible mushroom industry has realized transformation and upgrading in technology, production, product and circulation, but also faces market imbalance and industry shrinking.
In terms of the national market, the production of edible fungi has increased by 4.9 times from 7.8 million tons in 2001 to 38.42 million tons in 2017. The supply and demand relationship is in an unbalanced state, and the competitive advantage of Qingyuan mushroom industry is no longer.
Qingyuan is a production and distribution center mainly for dried mushroom. However, with the rapid pace of life, the market demand of fresh products has doubled, the sales time of fresh products has increased by 5 times in five years, and the pressure of Qingyuan edible mushroom industry is becoming more and more serious. Moreover, the comparative benefits are also declining. From the early 1990s to now, the wages of farmers have increased by more than 10 times, the price of means of production is rising continuously, while the price of ordinary mushroom is still about 25 yuan per Jin, and the comparative benefit of cultivation mushroom is relatively reduced. Mushroom farmers are shrinking. The industrialization of urban chemical industry provides more jobs and opportunities, and the posts do not need capital investment and market risks. Young people are more willing to work outside, many mushroom farmers are also transferred to work, and the labor force of edible mushroom industry is decreasing year by year.
However, with the advent of big health industry, people's good consumption habits are popularized and the development structure is constantly optimized. Qingyuan edible mushroom industry will usher in unprecedented development opportunities.
In recent years, Qingyuan has been focusing on the goal of creating a new model of mushroom industry development, striving to become a pathfinder and model student of edible mushroom industry, and strive to transform from big edible mushroom county to strong edible mushroom county. In the development path, we should take the differentiated development path, from quantity competition to quality and brand competition; in the cultivation mode, it will change from traditional agriculture to base facility cultivation, scale and intelligent facility cultivation agriculture, and finally to the whole process of factory cultivation.
Specifically, Qingyuan edible fungi should occupy four Highlands in the future. Seizing the high ground of intensive processing of edible fungi, the intensive processing of edible fungi is the future of Qingyuan edible mushroom industry. It promotes the added value of products through biotechnology, optimizes the industrial structure and continuously lengthens the industrial chain; seizes the high-quality research and development highland, and makes efforts to develop more light, convenient, efficient, time-saving and labor-saving mechanical equipment, such as heat pump type edible mushroom The equipment for drying bacteria, etc., uses electricity to replace firewood, and automatically dry, further improve the production efficiency; seize the market gathering highland, Qingyuan has the largest mushroom market in the country, and should lead the pricing right of mushroom industry and show its competitive advantage; seize the brand highland of mushroom, dig the core value of Qingyuan mushroom brand, and construct a unique brand value system, image symbol system and communication system, We will improve brand awareness, expand brand influence, improve the meeting rate of consumers, and strive to improve the brand influence and reputation of mushroom.
At the same time, Qingyuan mushroom will focus on the transformation from traditional planting to modern planting, from quantity expansion to superior varieties, from single technology output to multi output of bacteria, equipment and raw materials. In the next few years, Qingyuan will take advantage of small mushroom to achieve a great leap forward, take the road of strengthening county with excellent and special features and differentiation, and create a new model for the development of mushroom industry.
Source: Zhejiang Online
https://biz.zjol.com.cn/zjjjbd/cjxw/201811/t20181114_8739481.shtml
