February 15 is world booster immunization day, which is mainly established to eliminate polio. We all know that in the face of disease, the most effective drug is human immunity. So, what is immunity? Why does immunity need to be strengthened? What vaccines need to be vaccinated? Let's get to know ↓
● what is immunity?
Immunity is the ability of the human immune system to protect itself, which mainly refers to the body's ability to resist bacterial or virus infection. The immune system is a system in which many links work together, including immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules. Different links play different roles. Part of human immunity is innate, and the other part needs to be continuously improved and mature after the day after tomorrow.
● what are the effects of immunity?
>>Immune defense
Protect the body from damage, help the body prevent foreign bacteria and viruses from invading, or eliminate invading pathogens and harmful substances.
>>Immune self stabilization
Constantly eliminate aging and dead cells and maintain the purification and renewal of the body.
>>Immune surveillance
It mainly identifies the malignant cells with mutation or distortion in the body, prevents the occurrence of tumors, and clears them through immune response.
Immune function plays a protective role by maintaining the relative stability of the internal environment under physiological conditions through its various biological effects. However, when the immune function is abnormal, the immune system will also induce different pathological changes and cause disease.
● why improve immunity in winter?
Winter is a season of killing everything, and the vitality of plants and trees is hidden. Affected by low temperature, people's resistance is greatly reduced and vulnerable to diseases. Therefore, in winter, we should comply with the hidden Yang Qi, collect Yin and protect Yang, and improve the body's immunity, so as to prevent the occurrence of diseases. Eat more warm food, mushrooms and other foods to improve immunity, drink more water, go to bed early and get up late, take appropriate exercise, and take Yin and Yang as the basic, so as to spend the winter safely and healthily.
● why does immunity need to be strengthened?
Intensive immunization is an important part of mass immunization strategy. Strengthening immunization is a "encirclement and suppression" war launched by the whole society against pathogens threatening human beings. Sweeping vaccination, leaving the virus nowhere to hide, is a powerful measure to completely eliminate an infectious disease.
Booster immunization is the strengthening of routine immunization. Vaccination is carried out for the whole population or specific population in a centralized time period to enhance the immunity of the population.
The whole process of booster immunization includes three basic elements: the delivery of vaccine, the target population of vaccine and the executor of vaccination activities. Any link can not be ignored.
Decades have passed since human beings eliminated the first infectious disease smallpox. Human beings are learning more experience and strategies from the endless battle of human poison, and strengthening immunization is one of the effective strategies to condense the joint efforts of the whole people and form a strong immune barrier.
● vaccine is a barrier to protect human health
In the history of human struggle against disease, vaccine plays an irreplaceable role. It can be said that the value of vaccine is the value of life. Vaccination can improve immunity against diseases.
>>What vaccines do children need?
Born BCG vaccine in February, poliomyelitis inflammation was good, three or four in May, DPT, August measles year encephalitis. This is a formula for children's vaccination compiled by someone for convenience of memory.
Children from birth to pre-school age are the most vulnerable stage of the immune system. Countries and regions around the world have formulated different immunization planning strategies for children at this stage according to local disease prevalence and economic conditions. At present, vaccines are divided into two categories in China:
One type of vaccine is provided by the government to citizens free of charge, which is often referred to as "immunization planning vaccine". Migrant children and local children have the same right to vaccination. As long as there are no contraindications, they should be vaccinated in time. If this kind of vaccine is not vaccinated, it may affect the baby's entry into nursery, kindergarten and school.
A group of free vaccines for school-age children include: BCG, polio vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, DPT, white break vaccine, leprosy vaccine, mumps vaccine, A group meningitis vaccine, A group C group meningococcal vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, and HAV vaccine.
Class II vaccines are other vaccines that citizens receive at their own expense, knowingly and voluntarily, also known as "non immunization planning vaccines". Although class II vaccine needs to be vaccinated at their own expense, it is equally important to protect children's health. There are two kinds of vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization for children: pneumonia vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae vaccine (Hib vaccine).
The recommended class II vaccines include influenza vaccine, varicella vaccine, hand, foot and mouth vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, etc.
It is hoped that every parent can timely vaccinate according to their own family conditions and children's physical conditions, so that every child can grow up healthily under the "umbrella" of vaccination.
>>What vaccines are recommended for adults?
There are corresponding vaccines for all ages in a person's life. Vaccines are not only for children, but also for adults. Eliminating the misunderstanding of adult vaccination is a very important step to strengthen adult immunization.
1. hepatitis B vaccine
Who needs to be vaccinated against hepatitis B? In theory, everyone needs vaccination. Considering the characteristics of transmission and infection of hepatitis B, some people need vaccination in time. In addition to newborns and children, adults, especially those with high risk of infection, such as family members or close contacts of hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients, as well as medical workers, diabetics, hemodialysis patients and AIDS infected persons, need early vaccination.
2. Herpes zoster vaccine
Herpes zoster is a common disease in dermatology. Many people will suffer from herpes zoster in their life. In addition to skin damage, it is often accompanied by neuropathic pain. The middle-aged and elderly people are the high incidence population of herpes zoster. However, the current treatment methods are limited. Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to control the incidence of herpes zoster.
3. Cervical cancer vaccine
Cervical cancer is mostly human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cancer in women, which is next to breast cancer. Vaccination is a primary prevention and fundamentally prevents cervical cancer. This incidence rate is higher. The earlier the vaccination, the higher the vaccine potency. WHO requires that cervical cancer vaccine be vaccinated as far as possible before sexual activity, that is, before the first exposure to HPV infection. Therefore, it is recommended that the vaccine be carried out as soon as possible. Cervical cancer vaccination, do not miss the best vaccination time. The younger you are, the earlier you can get protection.
4. Influenza vaccine
Autumn and winter are the high incidence season of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. Influenza vaccination is the most effective means to prevent influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications. For people ≥ 6 months old and without contraindications, they can voluntarily receive influenza vaccine according to specific conditions.
The protective effect of influenza vaccine can be maintained for 6-8 months, gradually weakened over time, and influenza virus is prone to variation. Therefore, annual influenza vaccination is recommended.
5. New crown vaccine
The best way to novel coronavirus pneumonia is vaccination. From the research results at home and abroad, the completion of the whole process vaccination of Xinguan vaccine has a significant effect in preventing severe diseases and reducing mortality. However, after vaccination for a period of time, the protective effect of the vaccine on some people may be weakened. Timely enhanced immunization can make the gradually reduced neutralizing antibodies grow or rebound rapidly, so as to produce better protective effect.
(Hebei news network is integrated from people's daily, science and technology daily, CCTV, CCTV news client, Guangming Daily, etc., and edited by Li Yaping and Yan Yuexuan)
Source: Hebei News Network
Article link: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1719152520584963646&wfr=spider&for=pc
