Body distribution of "tumor markers"
Each tumor marker can correspond to one or several tumors, but not one-to-one.
Tumor markers and corresponding tumors
Three problems about swelling mark
Question 1: If the "swelling mark" rises, you will get cancer?
The elevation of tumor markers does not indicate cancer, but can only be used for auxiliary diagnosis of cancer.
Some benign diseases and conditions may also cause the increase of tumor markers.
For example:
● Menstrual period, pelvic inflammation and pregnancy may cause the increase of CA125;
● Increased CEA may be caused by biliary obstruction, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease and smoking;
● CA19-9 can be elevated in patients with pancreatitis, biliary tract disease and liver cirrhosis.
Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose whether there is cancer simply because of the elevation of a certain swelling mark, let alone to determine which type of cancer it is, and further examination is needed.
Question 2
"Swelling mark" will not get cancer if it is normal?
The positive rate of many tumor markers in the early stage of cancer is not high, and early cancer cannot be detected only by tumor markers.
In clinical practice, many patients ignored the screening examination due to the normal "swelling sign", which led to the final discovery of cancer when it was in the late stage.
At present, there are several tumor markers that can be used as early cancer screening in clinic:
liver cancer
Indicator: AFP
Patients with chronic hepatitis, long-term alcoholism, family history of hepatitis and other high-risk groups of liver cancer, it is recommended to recheck serum AFP every 6 months and conduct further examinations such as B ultrasound.
Expert tips:
It should be noted that in addition to liver cancer, AFP in some testicular tumors will also increase.
prostatic cancer
Indicator: PSA
It is recommended that middle-aged and elderly men over 50 years old should have PSA and digital rectal examination or prostate ultrasound every year, while men with a family history of prostate cancer can start from the age of 45.
Expert tips:
It should be noted that in addition to liver cancer, AFP in some testicular tumors will also increase.
oophoroma
Indicator: CA125
According to the clinician's judgment, high-risk women can consider to have serum CA125 and vaginal ultrasound every 3 months to 1 year from the age of 30 to 35.
Gallbladder carcinoma
Index: CEA CA199
For high-risk groups such as patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis and patients with relatively bold cystic polyps, it is recommended to check serum CEA, CA19-9 and hepatobiliary ultrasound every 6 months.
Pancreatic cancer
Index: CEA CA199 CA125
High risk groups with pancreatic cancer family history, diabetes history, long-term smoking and drinking, chronic pancreatitis attack, etc., it is recommended to regularly pass CA199, CA125, CEA screening. Combined with CT and MRI for screening.
Expert tips:
People over 40 years old, especially those over 50 years old with a family history of pancreatic cancer, should pay attention to screening.
However, not all cancers can be screened by "swelling markers". In fact, no corresponding tumor markers have been found for some cancers.
If you want to find cancer early, you must conduct more targeted screening for high-risk groups of different cancers.
How to check different groups?
Question 3
What's the use of checking "swollen marks"?
In addition to assisting in the diagnosis of cancer, the most important role of tumor markers is to monitor the efficacy of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy for tumor patients.
For example:
If tumor markers also decrease after tumor surgery, it may indicate that the treatment is effective;
If the swelling mark drops slowly and is not obvious, it may indicate that the treatment effect is not good.
In addition, tumor markers are also important indicators to monitor whether tumors have a risk of recurrence.
For example:
In patients with prostate cancer, PSA increases before surgery, decreases to a very low level after surgery, and increases again during follow-up, indicating the possibility of tumor recurrence.
END
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